les preuves scientifiques de l'intoxication

[marco]

Bonjour

Ce sujet permettra de regrouper les éléments incontestables sur l'intoxication aux métaux lourds.

Marco

[*isa*]

Bonjour à tous,

Je commence donc à remplir cette rubrique...

Voici quelques articles extraits du site www.thelancet.com
Il faut s'inscrire pour avoir accès aux articles.
L'inscrïption est gratuite.

[*isa*]

The Lancet 2002; 360:2081
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11971-4
Should amalgam fillings be removed?

Sir

Marilyn Larkin's news item (Aug 3, p 393)1 on the American Dental Association's campaign to discourage people from having amalgam fillings removed deserves some comment. In her report, she cites Frederick Eichmiller's concerns about the number of patients with multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and autism requesting removal of these fillings.

Dental amalgam is a mercury-based filling that contains elemental mercury at about 50% by weight. Amalgam is classified as an intermetallic compound, because it is mixed with silver, tin, copper, and zinc. To the chemist, this intermetallic compound is unstable by definition—and not a “stable alloy”, as reported by Eichmiller—and mercury vapour leaks from dental amalgam over time.

Mercury adsorbed daily from dental amalgam ranges from 2 to 17 μg (not “minute” amounts as Eichmiller claims), and people that use chewing gum or are affected by bruxism may have higher intake of mercury from dental amalgams. Moreover, individuals with dental amalgams are exposed to continuous long-term amounts of mercury (in vapour form and in organic form from biotransformation by oral bacteria). Mercury vapour and organic mercury are the two most important forms of mercury in terms of toxic effects, their major target organ being the central nervous system. Furthermore, T Clarkson2 describes individuals with immunological susceptibility to mercury compounds who present with clinical adverse effects.2

F L Lorscheider and co-workers3 found a correlation between the total number of amalgam surfaces and total mercury content in whole blood, plasma, urine, faeces, breastmilk, and placenta. Postmortem examinations by M Nylander and colleagues4 show significant correlations between mercury tissue concentrations and the number of amalgam fillings. Similarly, our necropsy findings show a correlation between number of amalgam fillings and mercury content of tissue in brain, pituitary, thyroid, and kidney (unpublished data). Leistevuo and colleagues5 also report higher concentrations of organic mercury in saliva samples from patients with dental amalgams compared with controls.

We believe that Eichmiller's comments are not supported by the findings of experimental studies. The health effects of amalgam fillings warrants further investigation and should be commented on with caution, from whichever view you approach the issue.

References
1. Larkin M. Don't remove amalgam fillings, urges American Dental Association. Lancet 2002; 360: 393. Full Text | Full-Text PDF (46 KB) | MEDLINE | CrossRef

2. Clarkson TW. The three modern faces of mercury. Environ Health Perspect 2002; 110 (suppl): 11-231.

3. Lorscheider FL, Vimy MJ, Summers AO. Mercury exposure from “silver” tooth fillings: emerging evidence questions a traditional dental paradigm. FASEB J 1995; 9: 504-505. MEDLINE

4. Nylander M, Friberg L, Lind B. Mercury concentrations in the human brain and kidneys in relation to exposure from dental amalgam fillings. Swed Dent J 1987; 11: 179-187. MEDLINE

5. Leistevuo J, Leistevuo T, Helenius H, et al. Dental amalgam fillings and the amount of organic mercury in human saliva. Caries Res 2001; 35: 163-165. MEDLINE | CrossRef

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lance ... 4/fulltext

[*isa*]

Mercury exposure from "silver" tooth fillings: emerging evidence questions a traditional dental paradigm.
Lorscheider FL, Vimy MJ, Summers AO
FASEB J 1995; 9:504-8.

Abstract
For more than 160 years dentistry has used silver amalgam, which contains approximately 50% Hg metal, as the preferred tooth filling material. During the past decade medical research has demonstrated that this Hg is continuously released as vapor into mouth air; then it is inhaled, absorbed into body tissues, oxidized to ionic Hg, and finally covalently bound to cell proteins. Animal and human experiments demonstrate that the uptake, tissue distribution, and excretion of amalgam Hg is significant, and that dental amalgam is the major contributing source to Hg body burden in humans. Current research on the pathophysiological effects of amalgam Hg has focused upon the immune system, renal system, oral and intestinal bacteria, reproductive system, and the central nervous system. Research evidence does not support the notion of amalgam safety.

MeSH
Animals; Dental Amalgam; Humans; Mercury; Tissue Distribution

CAS Registry Number (Substance Name)
7439-97-6 (Mercury) , 8049-85-2 (Dental Amalgam)

Author Address
Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

MEDLINE record details
Publication Type:
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Review

ISSN: 0892-6638
Country: UNITED STATES
Language: eng
Date of Entry: 19950606
Unique Identifier: 7737458
Journal Subset: IM


http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lance ... 6638_9_504

[*isa*]

Mercury concentrations in the human brain and kidneys in relation to exposure from dental amalgam fillings.
Nylander M, Friberg L, Lind B
Swed Dent J 1987; 11:179-87.

Abstract
Samples from the central nervous system (occipital lobe cortex, cerebellar cortex and ganglia semilunare) and kidney cortex were collected from autopsies and analysed for total mercury content using neutron activation analyses. Results from 34 individuals showed a statistically significant regression between the number of tooth surfaces containing amalgam and concentration of mercury in the occipital lobe cortex (mean 10.9, range 2.4-28.7 ng Hg/g wet weight). The regression equation y = 7.2 + 0.24x has a 95% confidence interval for the regression coefficient of 0.11-0.37. In 9 cases with suspected alcohol abuse mercury levels in the occipital lobe were, in most cases, somewhat lower than expected based on the regression line. The observations may be explained by an inhibition of oxidation of mercury vapour. The regression between amalgams and mercury levels remained after exclusion of these cases. The kidney cortex from 7 amalgam carriers (mean 433, range 48-810 ng Hg/g wet weight) showed on average a significantly higher mercury level than those of 5 amalgam-free individuals (mean 49, range 21-105 ng Hg/g wet weight). In 6 cases analysis of both inorganic and total mercury was carried out. A high proportion (mean 77% SD 17%) of inorganic mercury was found. It is concluded that the cause of the association between amalgam load and accumulation of mercury in tissues is the release of mercury vapour from amalgam fillings.

MeSH
Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Chemistry; Dental Amalgam; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Female; Humans; Kidney Cortex; Male; Mercury; Middle Aged

CAS Registry Number (Substance Name)
7439-97-6 (Mercury) , 8049-85-2 (Dental Amalgam)

Author Address
Department of Environmental Hygiene, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.

MEDLINE record details
Publication Type: Journal Article
ISSN: 0347-9994
Country: SWEDEN
Language: eng
Date of Entry: 19880226
Unique Identifier: 3481133
Journal Subset: D; IM

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lance ... 994_11_179

[*isa*]

Dental amalgam fillings and the amount of organic mercury in human saliva.

Leistevuo J, Leistevuo T, Helenius H, Pyy L, Osterblad M, Huovinen P, Tenovuo J
Caries Res ; 35:163-6.

Abstract
We studied differences in the amounts of organic and inorganic mercury in saliva samples between amalgam and nonamalgam human study groups. The amount of organic and inorganic mercury in whole saliva was measured in 187 adult study subjects. The mercury contents were determined by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. The amount of organic and inorganic mercury in paraffin-stimulated saliva was significantly higher (p<0.001) in subjects with dental amalgam fillings (n = 88) compared to the nonamalgam study groups (n = 43 and n = 56): log(e) (organic mercury) was linearly related to log(e) (inorganic mercury, r(2) = 0.52). Spearman correlation coefficients of inorganic and organic mercury concentrations with the number of amalgam-filled tooth surfaces were 0.46 and 0.27, respectively. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that amalgam fillings may be a continuous source of organic mercury, which is more toxic than inorganic mercury, and almost completely absorbed by the human intestine.

MeSH
Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Case-Control Studies; Dental Amalgam; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Mercury; Middle Aged; Organomercury Compounds; Saliva; Statistics, Nonparametric

CAS Registry Number (Substance Name)
0 (Organomercury Compounds) , 7439-97-6 (Mercury) , 8049-85-2 (Dental Amalgam)

Author Address
The National Public Health Institute, Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, Turku University, Turku, Finland.

MEDLINE record details
Publication Type:
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN: 0008-6568
Country: Switzerland
Language: eng
Date of Entry: 20010531
Unique Identifier: 11385194
Journal Subset: D; IM

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lance ... 568_35_163

[*isa*]

Voici le lien vers le rapport "Mercury in dental-filling material
–– an updated risk analysis in environmental medical terms
Mercury in dental-filling materials
An overview of scientific literature published in
1997–2002 and current knowledge"
de Math Berlin
(expertise suédoise sur les risques liés au mercure dentaire)

http://www.drfarid.com/Swedish%20mercury.pdf

Les conclusions de ce rapport sont les suivantes:

"Summary and conclusions
The past five years' research has yielded further evidence that amalgam can give rise to side-effects in a sensitive portion of the population. Thus:
• Research in molecular biology has elucidated mechanisms that may underlie
the toxic effects of mercury.
• Studies of the effects of mercury on the immune system in rodents have enhanced knowledge of the mechanisms whereby mercury affects the immune system. Clinical studies of occupationally exposed employees have objectively confirmed subclinical influence of mercury on the immune system at low levels of mercury exposure.
• The thyroid has been identified as the target organ for the toxic effect of mercury in occupational exposure to mercury vapour in low doses.
• Experimental studies of primates and rodents have revealed that mercury is accumulated and persists for years in the retina as a result of exposure to mercury vapour. The consequences of this accumulation are, however, unclear.
• Clinical studies of the effects of mercury on occupationally exposed workers, using modern diagnostic methods, have elucidated the connection between dose and effect. They have also identified and quantified neuropsychological symptoms at low exposure levels.
• The lowest exposure, in terms of urinary mercury secretion, that has been found to give rise to a demonstrable toxic effect has fallen from 30-50 μg/l till 10-25 μg/l. Accordingly, the safety margin that it was thought existed with respect to mercury exposure from amalgam has been erased.
• Studies of workers previously exposed to mercury have shown that prolonged exposure to mercury vapour, with mercury concentrations in urine of some 100 μg/l, may result in symptoms emanating from the nervous system that persist decades after exposure has ceased. This suggests that exposure causes lasting damage to the central nervous system, which complicates the interpretation of results of low-dose studies of occupationally
exposed populations.
• Clinical reports of acute or subacute cases of mercury intoxication where modern diagnostic methods have been applied have revealed a remarkably high degree of polymorphism in human reactions to toxic mercury exposure.
• Both animal experiments and clinical observations have demonstrated gender differences in the toxicokinetics of mercury.
• Additional facts have come to light that may indicate that mercury vapour can affect human foetal development.
• Clinical provocation studies, with exposure to small quantities of mercury through skin exposure or inhalation, have confirmed that individuals with deviant high sensitivity exist.

With reference to the fact that mercury is a multipotent toxin with effects on several levels of the biochemical dynamics of the cell, amalgam must be considered to be an unsuitable material for dental restoration. This is especially
true since fully adequate and less toxic alternatives are available."

[*isa*]

Lien vers un article du "SMDJ Seychelles Medical and Dental Journal, Special Issue, Vol 7, No 1, November 2004"

http://www.seychelles.net/smdj/SECVIB.pdf

La conclusion est la suivante:

"Conclusion
With present knowledge it is impossible to estimate the risk
of effects on the foetal brain induced by the mother’s
exposure to mercury from amalgam. Available facts,
however, do not support a dismissal of the risk. Therefore
treatment of children and women of childbearing age with
amalgam should be avoided. It is also recommended that use
of amalgam for dental restorations in the population in
general is abandoned and substituted with less toxic material,
whenever this is available and affordable."

[*isa*]

Voici un lien vers un article du Oxord Journals sur le DMPS:

Intitulé:
Effects of 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic Acid (DMPS) on Tissue and Urine Mercury Levels following Prolonged Methylmercury Exposure in Rats

De:
Stephanie D. Pingree, P. Lynne Simmonds and James S. Woods

Extrait:
"The present studies demonstrate that DMPS effectively clears both organic and inorganic mercury species from target tissues of rats following exposure to MMH for prolonged periods. However, the efficacy of DMPS in this respect appears to reflect of the relative capacity of the specific tissue for methylmercury dealkylation. Moreover, the efficacy of DMPS as a mercury chelator appears to be related to consecutive administration in consistent dosages, rather than to the magnitude of the dose received."

http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/co ... l/61/2/224

[*isa*]

Lien vers un autre article du Oxford Journals - Toxicological sciences

Titre:
Chronic Low-Level Mercury Exposure, BDNF Polymorphism, and
Associations with Self-Reported Symptoms and Mood
Auteurs:
Nicholas J. Heyer,* Diana Echeverria,*† Alvah C. Bittner, Jr.,*† Federico M. Farin,† Claire C. Garabedian*
and James S. Woods,*†

Extrait:
"Although the changes we observed in symptoms and mood
represent small variations within the normal range of human
behavior (pre-clinical), these results, if upheld by future
research, suggest that elemental mercury has an impact on
human symptoms at low levels. Furthermore, symptoms and
mood can have a significant effect on quality of life. It is possible that elemental mercury may follow the history of lead,
eventually being considered a neurotoxin at extremely low
levels."

http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/81/2/354

[colibri]

*Isa* a dit : Bonjour à tous,

Je commence donc à remplir cette rubrique...

Voici quelques articles extraits du site www.thelancet.com
Il faut s'inscrire pour avoir accès aux articles.
L'inscrïption est gratuite.

Bonjour *Isa*
Je suis sùre que tous ces documents que tu nous met sur le forum sont très intérêssants mais tu oublies que beaucoup d'entres nous n'ont aucune notion en Anglais et qu'il est difficile et fatiguant de chercher une interprètation quelconque,nous sommes encore bien malade et il faudrait que tu nous traduisent tout ça afin que nous soyons au courant de tous ces articles,documents etc etc...Mais bien sùre si tu as du temps.
Amicalement Colibri


Autant pour Joelsylvie a qui je fais des compliments pour toutes ses recherches et ses bons conseils.

[*isa*]

Hello!

Je me suis attelée à la traduction d'un document scientifique très complet mais très volumineux (d'ailleurs si certains veulent m'aider, on peut partager le boulot).

Mais j'ai trouvé quelques liens en français en attendant:

"LE MERCURE DES AMALGAMES DENTAIRES,
L’UN DES PRINCIPAUX FACTEURS ETIOLOGIQUES
DE LA MALADIE D’ALZHEIMER ?"
Marie GROSMAN et André PICOT

http://atctoxicologie.free.fr/archi/bib ... 112007.pdf

[*isa*]

Et puis voici un article publié sur le site de Non au Mercure Dentaire, intitulé:

"Principales conclusions des rapports d’expertise
français (Afssaps 2005) et suédois (Maths Berlin 2003)":

http://nonaumercuredentaire.free.fr/fil ... fssaps.pdf

[marco]

Merci Isa pour ces liens vraiment très intéressants.
Mes compétences en anglais sont vraiment trop limitées à mon domaine professionnel pour que je puisse t'aider.
Marco

[*isa*]

Il s'agit d'une évaluation mondiale du mercure par le Programme des Nations Unies pour l'Environnement.

http://www.chem.unep.ch/MERCURY/GMA%20i ... evised.pdf